(UFRGS - adaptada) Leia o texto.
Orientalism means several interdependent things. The most readily accepted designation for Orientalism is an academic one. Anyone who teaches, writes about, or researches the Orient, either in its specific or its general aspects, is an Orientalist, and what he or she does is Orientalism.
Related to this academic tradition is a more general meaning for Orientalism as a style of thought based 1__________ a distinction made between ‘the Orient’ and ‘the Occident.’ Thus a very large mass of writers and thinkers have accepted the basic distinction between East and West as the starting point for elaborate theories, epics, novels, social descriptions, and political accounts concerning the Orient, its people, customs, ‘mind,’ destiny, and so on.
The interchange between the academic and the more or less imaginative meanings of Orientalism is a constant one, and since the late 18th century there has been a considerable traffic between the two. Here I come to the third meaning of Orientalism, which is something more historically and materially defined than either of the other two. Orientalism can be discussed and analyzed as the corporate institution for dealing with the Orient—dealing with it by making statements about it, authorizing views of it, describing it, by teaching it, settling it: in short, Orientalism as a Western discourse for dominating, restructuring, and having authority 2_________ the Orient.
The Orient is not an inert fact of nature. It is not merely there, just as the Occident itself is not just there either. As both geographical and cultural entities such regions as ‘Orient’ and ‘Occident’ are man-made. Therefore as much as the West itself, the Orient is an idea that has a history and a tradition of thought, imagery, and vocabulary that have given it reality and presence in and for the West. The two geographical entities thus support and to an extent reflect each other. It would be wrong to conclude that the Orient is essentially an idea, or a creation with no corresponding reality. There are cultures and nations whose location is in the East, and their lives, histories, and customs have a brute reality obviously greater than anything that could be said about them in the West. But the phenomenon of Orientalism as studied here deals principally, not with a correspondence between Orientalism and Orient, but with the internal consistency of Orientalism and its ideas about the Orient 3__________ or beyond any correspondence, or lack thereof, with a ‘real’ Orient.
SAID, Edward. Orientalism. In: Ashcroft, Bill et al. (ed.) The Postcolonial Studies Reader. London/New York: Routledge, 1995. p. 87-91. (Adaptado)
Assinale a opção que preenche, correta e respectivamente, as lacunas demarcadas pelas referências 1, 2 e 3.
Escolha uma:
a. within – on top of – regardless
b. for – above – within
c. upon – over – despite
d. on – in – although
e. in – on – in spite of
Respostas
The correct answer was C) Upon - Over - Despite.
let's check some facts to get our resolution;
1) UPON a distinction made between ‘the Orient’ and ‘the Occident.’ Thus a very large mass of writers and thinkers have accepted the basic distinction between East and West as the starting point for elaborate theories, epics, novels, social descriptions, and political accounts concerning the Orient, its people, customs, ‘mind,’ destiny, and so on. ;
2) ealing with it by making statements about it, authorizing views of it, describing it, by teaching it, settling it: in short, Orientalism as a Western discourse for dominating, restructuring, and having authority OVER the Orient
3)But the phenomenon of Orientalism as studied here deals principally, not with a correspondence between Orientalism and Orient, but with the internal consistency of Orientalism and its ideas about the Orient DESPITE or beyond any correspondence, or lack thereof, with a ‘real’ Orient.
i hope that lesson helped u, see u soon!