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England ( English : England ) is one of the constituent nations of the United Kingdom . The country borders Scotland to the north and Wales to the west; the Irish Sea is to the northwest, the Celtic Sea to the southwest, while the North Sea is to the east and the English Channel to the south separates it from continental Europe . Most of England comprises the central and southern part of the island of Great Britain in the North Atlantic . The country also includes more than 100 smaller islands, such as the Isles of Scilly and the Isle of Wight .
The area now called England was first inhabited by humans during the Upper Paleolithic period , but its name comes from the Angles , one of the Germanic tribes that settled during the fifth and sixth centuries in the region. England became a unified state in 927 AD, and since the Age of Discovery , which began during the 15th century, the nation has had a significant cultural and legal impact on the rest of the world. The English language , the Anglican Church , and English law ( the basis for the legal systems of common lawfrom many other countries around the world) developed in England, and the country's parliamentary system of government has been widely adopted by other nations. The Industrial Revolution began in 18th century England, transforming its society into the world's first industrialized nation. The Royal Society of England laid the foundation for modern experimental science.
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