1) Fill in the spaces with the PRESENT PERFECT of the verbs given.
a) Mark (eat) _______ ________ dinner already. He is not hungry.
b) Beth (write) _______ ________ three letters today. She misses her family.
c) Yoko and Armand (take) _______ ________ the test. Now they can relax.
d) Marty and I (be) _______ ________ to Costa Rica three times. We are familiar with the culture.
e) I (drink) _______ _______ six cups of water today.
f) Eva (sing) _______ ________ in a chorus before. Her voice is pretty.
g) Chong-Li (get) _______ ________ very good at speaking English.
She has practiced a lot.
h) Lucy (hide) _______ ________ in the woods. Now her friends will try to find her.
i) It (be) _______ ________ a good week so far. j) You (show) ________ _________ that you are a hard worker. Good job!
Respostas
1) Present Perfect
a) Mark has eaten dinner already. He is not hungry.
b) Beth has written three letters today. She misses her family.
c) Yoko and Armand have taken the test. Now they can relax.
d) Marty and I have been to Costa Rica three times. We are familiar with the culture.
e) I have drunk six cups of water today.
f) Eva has sung in a chorus before. Her voice is pretty.
g) Chong-Li has got very good at speaking English.
She has practiced a lot.
h) Lucy has hidden in the woods. Now her friends will try to find her.
i) It has been a good week so far.
j) You have shown that you are a hard worker. Good job!
Explicação:
Present Perfect
Present Perfect é um tempo verbal que expressa uma ação no passado, cujo tempo é desconhecido ou não importante no contexto. O que importa quando usamos esse tempo verbal é a ênfase que se dá à reação da ação, que interfere no presente e não a ação em si. Podemos dizer que é um tempo verbal passado com uma forte relação com o presente.
No Present Perfect utilizamos o verbo "to have" como verbo auxiliar, nas seguintes conjugações:
Have para os pronomes I, you, we, they;
Has para os pronomes he, she, it.
Forma Afirmativa
Para a construir frases afirmativas no Present Perfect Simple, utiliza-se a seguinte estrutura:
Sujeito + verbo auxiliar to have no Simple Present + verbo principal no Particípio Passado + complemento
Exemplo:
You have studied English. / Você estudou inglês.
Forma Negativa
As frases negativas no Present Perfect Simple incluem o “not” após o verbo auxiliar e seguem a seguinte estrutura:
Sujeito + verbo auxiliar to have no Simple Present + not + verbo principal no Particípio Passado + complemento
Exemplo:
You haven't studied English. / Você não estudou inglês?
* Contrações:
haven’t => have not
hasn’t => has not
Forma Interrogativa
Para fazer perguntas no Present Perfect Simple, é necessário inverter a ordem do verbo auxiliar na frase, ou seja, ele é posicionado antes do sujeito.
A forma interrogativa do Present Perfect segue a seguinte estrutura:
Verbo auxiliar to have no Simple Presente + sujeito + verbo principal no Particípio Passado + complemento
Exemplo:
Have you studied English? / Você estudou inglês?