Question

Desenhe as fórmulas estruturais condensadas e de linhas para os compostos

- ácido 2-metil pentanoico
- ácido 3-etil-hexanoico
- ácido 2,3-dimetil-bustanoico
- ácido 4-sec-butil-octanoico
- ácido pentanodioico
- ácido 3-metil-but-2-enoico
- ácido 3-etil-4-metil-pentanoico
- ácido 3,3-dietil-hexanoico
​

Answer 1

A nomenclatura dos compostos orgânicos é dada por prefixo + infixo + sufixo onde o prefixo indica o nº de carbonos , o infixo indica os tipos de ligações entre os carbonos e o sufixo indica o grupo funcional.

No caso da sua questão, temos que todos os compostos são ácidos carboxílicos ( sufixo: óico ).

O prefixo como havia dito, é o nº de carbonos e a nomenclatura do prefixo muda de acordo com a quantidade de carbonos:

• 1 carbono: met
• 2 carbonos: et
• 3 carbonos: prop
• 4 carbonos: but
• 5 carbonos: pent
• 6 carbonos: hex
• 7 carbonos: hept
• 8 carbonos: Oct
• 9 carbonos: Non
• 10 carbonos: Dec

Já o infixo, temos quatro tipos diferentes sendo eles: simples ligação, dupla ligação , tripla ligação , duas duplas ligações.

• Simples ligação ( C - C ): an
• Dupla ligação ( C = C ): en
• Tripla ligação ( C ≡ C ): in
• Duas duplas ( C = C = C ): dien

Em anexo estão as respostas, mas consegui colocar em latex as de linha de cada uma. ( as figuras não são visíveis no app )

• Ácido 2-metil pentanoico:

$\setlength{\unitlength}{0.95cm}\begin{picture}(6,5)\thicklines\put(-2,0){\line(4,3){1}}\put(0,0){\line(-4,3){1}}\put(0,0){\line(4,3){1}}\put(1,0.75){\line(0,1){0.5}}\put(2,0){\line(-4,3){1}}\put(2,0.15){\line(4,3){0.6}}\put(2,0){\line(4,3){0.8}}\put(2.7,0.7){\sf O}\put(2,0){\line(4,-3){0.6}}\put(2.6,-0.7){\sf OH}\end{picture}$

• Ácido 3-etil-hexanoico:

$\setlength{\unitlength}{0.95cm}\begin{picture}(6,5)\thicklines\put(-2,0){\line(4,3){1}}\put(0,0){\line(-4,3){1}}\put(0,0){\line(4,3){1}}\put(1,0.75){\line(0,1){0.5}}\put(1,1.25){\line(4,3){0.4}}\put(2,0){\line(-4,3){1}}\put(2.7,0.65){\line(4,3){0.4}}\put(2,0){\line(4,3){1.2}}\put(3.1,1){\sf O}\put(2.7,0.5){\line(4,-3){0.6}}\put(3.3,-0.3){\sf OH}\end{picture}$

• Ácido 2,3-dimetil-butanoico;

$\setlength{\unitlength}{0.95cm}\begin{picture}(6,5)\thicklines\put(0,0){\line(4,3){1}}\put(1,0.75){\line(0,1){0.5}}\put(2,0){\line(-4,3){1}}\put(2.7,0.65){\line(4,3){0.4}}\put(2,-0.5){\line(0,1){0.5}}\put(2,0){\line(4,3){1.2}}\put(3.1,1){\sf O}\put(2.7,0.5){\line(4,-3){0.6}}\put(3.3,-0.3){\sf OH}\end{picture}$

• Ácido 4-sec-butil-octanoico:

$\setlength{\unitlength}{0.95cm}\begin{picture}(6,5)\thicklines\put(-4,0){\line(-4,3){1}}\put(-4,0){\line(4,3){1}}\put(-2,0){\line(-4,3){1}}\put(-2,0){\line(4,3){1}}\put(0,0){\line(-4,3){1}}\put(-1,-0.05){\line(0,1){0.8}}\put(-2,-0.8){\line(4,3){1}}\put(-1,-0.05){\line(4,-3){1}}\put(-2,-0.8){\line(-4,3){0.5}}\put(0,0){\line(4,3){1}}\put(2,0){\line(-4,3){1}}\put(2,0.15){\line(4,3){0.6}}\put(2,0){\line(4,3){0.8}}\put(2.7,0.7){\sf O}\put(2,0){\line(4,-3){0.6}}\put(2.6,-0.7){\sf OH}\end{picture}$

• Ácido pentanodioico:

$\setlength{\unitlength}{0.95cm}\begin{picture}(6,5)\thicklines\put(-3,0.7){\sf O}\put(-2,0.15){\line(-4,3){0.6}}\put(-2,0){\line(-4,3){0.8}}\put(-3.2,-0.7){\sf OH}\put(-2,0.02){\line(-4,-3){0.6}}\put(-2,0){\line(4,3){1}}\put(0,0){\line(-4,3){1}}\put(0,0){\line(4,3){1}}\put(2,0){\line(-4,3){1}}\put(2,0.15){\line(4,3){0.6}}\put(2,0){\line(4,3){0.8}}\put(2.7,0.7){\sf O}\put(2,0){\line(4,-3){0.6}}\put(2.6,-0.7){\sf OH}\end{picture}$

• Ácido 3-metil-but-2-enoico:

$\setlength{\unitlength}{0.95cm}\begin{picture}(6,5)\thicklines\put(0,0){\line(-4,3){1}}\put(0,-0.76){\line(0,1){0.8}}\put(0,0){\line(4,3){1}}\put(0.2,0){\line(4,3){0.8}}\put(2,0){\line(-4,3){1}}\put(2,0.15){\line(4,3){0.6}}\put(2,0){\line(4,3){0.8}}\put(2.7,0.7){\sf O}\put(2,0){\line(4,-3){0.6}}\put(2.6,-0.7){\sf OH}\end{picture}$

• Ácido 3-etil-4-metil-pentanoico:

$\setlength{\unitlength}{0.95cm}\begin{picture}(6,5)\thicklines\put(-2,0){\line(4,3){1}}\put(-1,0.75){\line(0,1){0.6}}\put(0,0){\line(-4,3){1}}\put(0,-0.6){\line(0,1){0.6}}\put(-0.5,-0.98){\line(4,3){0.5}}\put(0,0){\line(4,3){1}}\put(2,0){\line(-4,3){1}}\put(2,0.15){\line(4,3){0.6}}\put(2,0){\line(4,3){0.8}}\put(2.7,0.7){\sf O}\put(2,0){\line(4,-3){0.6}}\put(2.6,-0.7){\sf OH}\end{picture}$

• Ácido 3,3-dietil-hexanoico:

$\setlength{\unitlength}{0.95cm}\begin{picture}(6,5)\thicklines\put(-2,0){\line(-4,3){1}}\put(-2,0){\line(4,3){1}}\put(-0.5,1.18){\line(4,-3){0.5}}\put(0,0){\line(0,1){0.8}}\put(0,0){\line(-4,3){1}}\put(0,-0.6){\line(0,1){0.6}}\put(0,-0.6){\line(4,-3){0.4}}\put(0,0){\line(4,3){1}}\put(2,0){\line(-4,3){1}}\put(2,0.15){\line(4,3){0.6}}\put(2,0){\line(4,3){0.8}}\put(2.7,0.7){\sf O}\put(2,0){\line(4,-3){0.6}}\put(2.6,-0.7){\sf OH}\end{picture}$

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