Respostas
2a. A good example is the US where there are many different people from around the world that speak so many different languages.
b. In some cultures, people are very emotional and outgoing, while in others, they tend to be much more reserved and low profile.
c. Cultures tend to differ due to religious beliefs, educational systems, government, history and a whole lot of other things.
d. The only way that we can minimize or avoid conflict between cultures is if we make a conscious effort to respect and understand each other.
3a. Conscious effort is the same as being aware of our surroundings so that we don't hurt anyone's feeling or traditions by being completely clueless and oblivious.
b. It refers to native speakers who aren't aware of non-natives struggles to understand their foreign language.