BRAZIL'S NEW ERA OF RACIAL POLICY
A final reason for reexamining Brazilian race relations is to discuss them in the context of the sudden and dramatic changes in Brazilian race thinking. This new phase is reflected mostly in the new acknowledgement of racism and government attempts to redress it. The issue of race in Brazil has moved to the center of the social-policy agenda. As a result, public interest in race has skyrocketed. For the first time in Brazilian history, social policies have begun to explicitly promote social integration of blacks and mulattos. Such policies do not merely seek to eliminate or alleviate material poverty but also strive to eliminate or reduce class, racial, gender, and other discriminations that bar citizens from access to social justice. This includes both universal policies that encompass the entire population or the poor population, as well as particularistic policies that combat discrimination and promote categories of people that have been excluded on the basis of particular characteristics, including race. The designs of these policies vary widely, but together they seek to address a broad range of social exclusions that are manifested economically, psychologically, politically, and culturally. This change is a milestone in Brazilian racial thought, much like Brazil's earlier ideological transition from white supremacy to racial democracy.
Indeed, the idea of affirmative action or policies specifically designed for blacks and mulattos sounds quit odd and out of place in the Brazilian context. In fact, the whole idea sounded preposterous and highly unlikely just a few years ago. Brazil had been one of the first multiracial states to go beyond race, but it had become apparent that its racial democracy continued to privilege whites at the expense of nonwhites, just as it did during most of its history of white supremacy. Now that these policies are actually being implemented, Brazilian policymakers are accused of imposing U.S. policies. Why would Brazil want such policies? Opponents claim that the Brazilian context is different from the United States and such policies would be of limited effectiveness. But does Brazil have an alternative to U.S.-style race-conscious policies? As the Brazilian state begins to use race explicitly to promote blacks for the first time in its history, what consequences can be expected?
Exercício página 19:
READING FOR GENERAL COMPREHENSION
1. The text is a section of the introduction to a book called Race in Another America: the Significance of Skin Color in Brazil. What is the main purpose of the text?
( ) To prove that racial discrimination in Brazil is over.
( ) To compare social policies in Brazil and in the United States.
( ) To present a reason for reconsidering Brazilian race relations.
2. What is the author’s tone toward racial policies in Brazil?
( ) Confident. ( ) Concerned.
Find a fragment that illustrates his point of view.
READING FOR DETAILED COMPREHENSION
1. Write T (True) or F (False). Then, correct the false statements.
a. ( ) New social policies are being implemented in Brazil and they address race issues.
b. ( ) Social policies have started to promote racial segregation between blacks and mulattos.
c. ( ) the main aim of social policies Brazil is to provide social justice to all citizens.
d. ( ) Brazil has moved from racial democracy to white supremacy.
2. Find fragments that express the same ideas as in the statements below.
a. Brazilian policymakers are discussing the issue of race as a central topic.
b. Affirmative actions seemed not to fit in the Brazilian context.
c. Racial democracy in Brazil still favored whites over blacks.
Respostas
Uma última razão para reexaminar as relações raciais brasileiras é discuti-las no contexto das súbitas e dramáticas mudanças no pensamento racial brasileiro. Esta nova fase reflecte-se sobretudo no novo reconhecimento do racismo e das tentativas do governo de corrigi-lo. A questão da raça no Brasil passou a ser o centro da agenda de política social. Como resultado, o interesse público na corrida disparou. Pela primeira vez na história brasileira, as políticas sociais começaram a promover explicitamente a integração social de negros e mulatos. Tais políticas não buscam simplesmente eliminar ou aliviar a pobreza material, mas também se esforçam para eliminar ou reduzir discriminação de classe, raça, gênero e outras que impedem os cidadãos de acesso à justiça social. Isso inclui políticas universais que abrangem toda a população ou a população pobre, bem como políticas particularistas que combatem a discriminação e promovem categorias de pessoas que foram excluídas com base em características particulares, incluindo a raça. Os projetos dessas políticas variam muito, mas juntos procuram abordar uma ampla gama de exclusões sociais que se manifestam economicamente, psicologicamente, politicamente e culturalmente. Esta mudança é um marco no pensamento racial brasileiro, muito parecido com a transição ideológica anterior do Brasil da supremacia branca para a democracia racial.
De fato, a idéia de ação afirmativa ou políticas especificamente projetadas para negros e mulatos soa estranho e fora de lugar no contexto brasileiro. Na verdade, toda a idéia soou absurda e altamente improvável apenas alguns anos atrás. O Brasil foi um dos primeiros Estados multirraciais a ir além da raça, mas ficou claro que sua democracia racial continuava a privilegiar os brancos às custas dos não brancos, assim como fez durante a maior parte de sua história de supremacia branca. Agora que essas políticas estão realmente sendo implementadas, os políticos brasileiros são acusados de impor políticas dos EUA. Por que o Brasil queria essas políticas? Os oponentes afirmam que o contexto brasileiro é diferente dos Estados Unidos e tais políticas seriam de eficácia limitada. Mas será que o Brasil tem uma alternativa às políticas de raça consciente dos Estados Unidos? Como o Estado brasileiro começa a usar raça explicitamente para promover os negros pela primeira vez em sua história, que conseqüências podem ser esperadas?
Exercício página 19:
LEITURA PARA COMPREENSÃO GERAL
1. O texto é uma seção da introdução de um livro chamado Corrida em Outra América: o Significado da Cor da Pele no Brasil. Qual é o objetivo principal do texto?
() Provar que a discriminação racial no Brasil está terminada.
() Comparar políticas sociais no Brasil e nos Estados Unidos.
() Apresentar uma razão para reconsiderar as relações raciais brasileiras.
2. Qual é o tom do autor em relação às políticas raciais no Brasil?
( ) Confiante. () Preocupado.
Encontre um fragmento que ilustre seu ponto de vista.
LEITURA PARA COMPREENSÃO DETALHADA
1. Escreva T (Verdadeiro) ou F (Falso). Em seguida, corrija as declarações falsas.
uma. () Novas políticas sociais estão sendo implementadas no Brasil e abordam questões raciais.
B. () As políticas sociais começaram a promover a segregação racial entre negros e mulatos.
C. () O principal objetivo das políticas sociais O Brasil é proporcionar justiça social a todos os cidadãos.
D. () O Brasil passou da democracia racial para a supremacia branca.
2. Encontre fragmentos que expressam as mesmas idéias que nas afirmações abaixo.
uma. Os políticos brasileiros estão discutindo a questão da raça como um tema central.
B. As ações afirmativas pareciam não caber no contexto brasileiro.
C. A democracia racial no Brasil ainda favoreceu os brancos sobre os negros.
Espero que tenho ajudado traduzindo to sem tempo para responder
Resposta da 1)
The text is a section of the introduction to a book called Race in Another America: the Significance of Skin Color in Brazil. What is the main purpose of the text?
( ) To prove that racial discrimination in Brazil is over.
(X) To compare social policies in Brazil and in the United States. [This is the main purpose of the text].
( ) To present a reason for reconsidering Brazilian race relations.
This change is a milestone in Brazilian racial thought, much like Brazil's earlier ideological transition from white supremacy to racial democracy.
[...] Indeed, the idea of affirmative action or policies specifically designed for blacks and mulattos sounds quit odd and out of place in the Brazilian context.
Resposta da 2)
What is the author’s tone toward racial policies in Brazil?
( ) Confident. (X) Concerned.
The autor is concerned about racial policies in Brazil.
Find a fragment that illustrates his point of view:
READING FOR DETAILED COMPREHENSION
"Why would Brazil want such policies? Opponents claim that the Brazilian context is different from the United States and such policies would be of limited effectiveness. But does Brazil have an alternative to U.S.-style race-conscious policies? As the Brazilian state begins to use race explicitly to promote blacks for the first time in its history, what consequences can be expected?"
Resposta da 1)
1. Write T (True) or F (False). Then, correct the false statements.
a. (T) New social policies are being implemented in Brazil and they address race issues.
b. (T) Social policies have started to promote racial segregation between blacks and mulattos.
c. (T) the main aim of social policies Brazil is to provide social justice to all citizens.
d. (T) Brazil has moved from racial democracy to white supremacy.
So it's all true statements and we don't have any false statement to be corrected.
Resposta da 2)
Find fragments that express the same ideas as in the statements below.
2. a)
Brazilian policymakers are discussing the issue of race as a central topic.
"A final reason for reexamining Brazilian race relations is to discuss them in the context of the sudden and dramatic changes in Brazilian race thinking. This new phase is reflected mostly in the new acknowledgement of racism and government attempts to redress it. The issue of race in Brazil has moved to the center of the social-policy agenda."
2. b)
Affirmative actions seemed not to fit in the Brazilian context.
"Indeed, the idea of affirmative action or policies specifically designed for blacks and mulattos sounds quit odd and out of place in the Brazilian context. In fact, the whole idea sounded preposterous and highly unlikely just a few years ago."
2. c)
Racial democracy in Brazil still favored whites over blacks.
"Brazil had been one of the first multiracial states to go beyond race, but it had become apparent that its racial democracy continued to privilege whites at the expense of nonwhites, just as it did during most of its history of white supremacy"
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